Traditionally, the software development process followed a linear assembly line. The software development lifecycle included planning, designing, and testing, before repeating these stages as needed prior to release. But this process meant that testing would occur only after the completion of the formal development phase—and created major problems for the development team. It resulted in bottlenecks in the process, costly timeline extensions, and more time spent resolving bugs, errors, and design flaws.
The Agile methodology of testing simplifies projects, breaking them into smaller, more digestible phases while placing emphasis on continuous testing, improvement, and collaboration across teams. Development teams benefit from testing their code more quickly while receiving as close to immediate client feedback as possible.
Although the Agile software development methodology isn’t new, it continues to help teams create higher-quality products with faster time to market and more feedback and collaboration.
Before getting started with implementing Agile testing in a team’s existing development process, companies need to learn about the various related tools and techniques, as well as the main benefits and challenges associated with this testing method and iterative development methodology. .
The Essence of Agile Testing
Issues in traditional testing create costly bottlenecks in the development pipeline and even hinder the company’s growth. The Agile testing methodology presents a comprehensive solution for these problems, using flexible and responsive testing techniques.
What is Agile Testing?
The Agile testing process follows the Agile development methodology. This practice breaks down larger testing elements into smaller and more focused tests, allowing for more timely and efficient testing. An Agile testing strategy’s primary focus is to ensure quality throughout the software development process.
In Agile processes, testing and development take place simultaneously to help teams discover and fix bugs as early and as often as possible. By having the opportunity to identify potential issues throughout the entire development process, testers help reduce the software’s time to market.
Continuous integration and delivery are important aspects of Agile testing methods. While developers integrate daily code changes into a shared mainline, testers review and automatically release them into production.
Agile teams go through a process to plan, develop, test, and repeat ahead of starting any kind of development project. The basic steps involved in the Agile testing life cycle—and entire development process—include:
- Analysis of requirements: In this initial phase, the team analyzes the project’s requirements and ensures they are clear, concise, and testable. They also take the time to break down the phases of dev work into smaller chunks for easier future testing.
- Test planning: Testers create a plan that maps out the testing approach, objectives, and scope while allowing for flexibility and adaptations as needed based on changing requirements, client feedback, and problems.
- Test design: This step involves designing test cases, scripts, and data based on the requirements and user stories.
- Development of tests: Testers then move on to creating both automated tests and manual test cases using test-driven development (TDD) and behavior-driven development (BDD) methodologies.
- Continuous integration and testing: As developers integrate code into the shared mainframe, testers review their changes and automatically validate the code.
- Executing tests and reporting: Testers execute test cases at every stage of the development cycle while tracking and reporting test results and collaborating with developers to resolve issues.
- Release and deployment: After passing all required tests, teams determine that the software has met the defined requirements and release it to production.
Key Principles of Agile Testing
The main principle of Agile testing is making the process a continuous and fluid component of every part of the development cycle, not limiting it to any specific phases. It also focuses on making testing a team-wide project, encouraging all team members to embrace change in an interactive environment.
- Early, frequent, and continuous testing: In Agile procedures, testing isn’t a separate phase but a constant part of even the earliest dev phases. This allows teams to find and fix issues faster and more efficiently.
- Automating tests: Automating testing keeps the process as fast and as flexible as possible.
- Providing continuous feedback: Testers are responsible for distributing the results of their tests and transmitting feedback from clients to developers, allowing for the creation of more robust products.
- Delivering value to the client: This is the highest priority of Agile testing. Every action of an Agile tester should lead to creating the best product possible for the customer.
- Enabling constant communication: Although face-to-face communication is ideal for an Agile tester to ensure they effectively communicate with developers and bridge the gap between customers and developers, video chats and virtual meetings paired with project management software and direct messaging programs help facilitate easy, constant communication.
- Commitment to continuous learning: Agile testers should continuously improve their skills and knowledge.
- Adapting to change: Because requirements can change regularly, Agile testers must remain adaptable and flexible to keep up with demands.
- Self-organizing: Agile testers shouldn’t simply wait for work to come to them. They should seek out issues at every point and collaborate with others to solve them.
- Focusing on end users: A key quality of every good Agile tester is their focus on the end user to help deliver products that prioritize utility, functionality, and usability.
Difference Between Traditional and Agile Testing
In the traditional Waterfall development method, testers come in late in the development cycle. The sequential nature of the dev cycle means that the next development phase only begins after completing the previous one. In other words, testing occurs after development has taken place.
This poses several challenges, especially when you encounter unexpected requirement changes and bugs. Here, testers have virtually no flexibility to adjust to change, and finding the sources of problems is much more complex and expensive.
Because traditional testers have to wait for the product to trickle down the “waterfall,” they receive little to no feedback during the development phase. They also have to rely on a narrower set of dev skills to determine whether or not the product needs to return to the development phase. This time-consuming back-and-forth hinders a team’s ability to meet deadlines and ends up costing clients more. They often have to decide between delaying releases or launching low-quality products—neither of which is a desirable outcome.
In Agile testing, testers work alongside developers throughout the entire development process. They efficiently detect and fix bugs in the early stages and continuously test new pieces of code integrated by developers. They also help facilitate communication between users and developers, allowing the developers to implement changes to the product while it is still in production.
Techniques in Agile Testing
There isn’t a one-size-fits-all approach to Agile testing. Teams and testers must collaborate to decide the best technique for their current project based on a variety of factors.
Test-Driven Development (TDD)
Test-driven development (TDD) starts with developers and testers building unit and component tests ahead of starting the formal coding process. This method involves structuring a process based on a combination of three types of operations: unit test creation, programming, and refactoring. TDD focuses on the main goal of only writing new code if a test fails. This not only helps prevent creating duplicate test scripts but also allows devs to build more optimized, resilient codebases.
Behavior-Driven Development (BDD)
By encouraging collaboration to understand the behaviors of end users, behavior-driven development (BDD) aims to close the gap between stakeholders and developers. This information guides teams from planning through implementation to foster continuous collaboration. BDD combines and augments practices from both TDD and ATDD.
BDD applies the Five Whys principle to each project and user story while minimizing waste by implementing the behaviors that most directly contribute to business outcomes. It also focuses on creating more precise guidance based on communication between devs, testers, clients, and domain experts.
Acceptance Test-Driven Development (ATDD)
Acceptance test-driven development (ATDD) is similar to test-driven development, but it embraces Agile testing’s collaborative nature, bringing together developers, testers, and customers to create acceptance tests based on customer input.
Using ATDD, developers have a direct insight into what their customers want and can verify if the product meets their expectations. This technique removes ambiguities from the development process and reduces the chances of significant errors.
Pair Programming
In pair programming, two programmers work together on code development work in a pair. The driver actively writes the code while the navigator checks for code accuracy and errors. To keep things engaging, the pairs often switch between roles.
Paired programmers often verbalize their thought processes while working to make the process more effective. This practice helps developers create better solutions by identifying and fixing problems and bugs earlier, producing higher-quality code, and working more efficiently.
Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD)
Continuous integration and continuous development (CI/CD) is an Agile practice that introduces automation and continuous surveillance into every step of the application lifecycle. Utilizing automation in testing helps better ensure high software quality and security alongside continuous delivery. It allows companies to further their competitive edge with a much shorter time to market for new products.
Utilizing a CI/CD methodology helps all parties involved. Thanks to the automation element of this technique, developers and testers don’t find themselves swamped with the same repetitive activities and have the freedom to focus on core tasks and what they do best while further reducing room for human error.
Tools for Agile Testing
Tools are a major part of both Agile software development and testing because they help teams pick up on major issues before they snowball into bigger problems. From defect monitoring to continuous implementation, Agile tools offer a variety of features to help teams work more efficiently and effectively.
Common Agile Testing Tools
- Jira: A popular project management tool, Jira is helpful for planning, tracking, reporting, and defect monitoring.
- Selenium: Selenium is an open-source automation testing tool that automates web browser actions. Agile testers use it to test web applications and ensure they function as expected. It allows every team member to contribute to the automation of test cases thanks to its collaborative capabilities as well.
- Cucumber: Using behavior-driven development techniques, Cucumber enables teams to create and run automated tests based on easy-to-understand features and maintain plain-text descriptions.
- Jenkins: An open-source automation server, Jenkins allows Agile teams to automate their software development processes fully. Team members automate building, testing, application deployment, and continuous integration and delivery (CI/CD).
The Role of Automation in Agile Testing
Using automation where possible helps save testers from repetitive tasks while expediting timelines and improving test accuracy rates. Without it, teams spend a significant amount of time on the same tasks over and over again.
Other benefits of automation in this type of testing include:
- Reusability of test scripts: Testers rerun and reuse automated tests at their will.
- Great test coverage: Automation testing activities significantly increase test coverage, which plays a vital role in the efficiency of software testing activities. Testers don’t have to run every task manually and gain the freedom to focus on other essential activities, such as creating test suits for different application features.
- Fast test execution: Automated testing is a parallel aspect of development that ensures the early identification and fixing of bugs early on. Fast test execution means quick fixes, which then translates into time-savings and delivering a better product to end users.
- Cost-effectiveness: Automation is sometimes costly at the time of implementation because it requires proper training in addition to the tools and setup. However, the cost factor lessens over time because test cases run whenever needed, improving the speed and efficiency of testing activities at no additional cost.
Challenges in Agile Testing
Agile methodologies offer numerous advantages, but there are also a few challenges when it comes to testing. Testers often face time constraints, a lack of detailed documentation, and the need to adapt to change frequently.
Time Constraints
In Agile software development, the primary goal is to have rapid development cycles with short sprints or iterations.This often puts a lot of pressure on testers. Reduced testing times lead to inadequate coverage, resulting in overlooked, more expensive, and difficult problems to fix later on in development.
Lack of Detailed Documentation
Agile often prioritizes working software over comprehensive documentation. This can lead to a lack of detailed documentation for test cases and other testing components which can cause difficulties for future references and new team members.
Product owners can’t write good acceptance criteria without fully knowing a feature’s specifics. This leads to missing information about requirements, without which testers can’t create comprehensive test cases. A potential solution to this is having Agile testers begin their testing using only the available information and creating testing scenarios that might work well for a particular feature.
Adapting to Continuous Change
Agile projects are susceptible to continuous change that involves requirements, design, and functionality modifications. Sudden changes negatively impact Agile testing efforts because testers must quickly adapt to the change and alter their test cases accordingly.
When particular requirement changes occur near the end of a sprint, they move to the next one, becoming an overhead for the entire Agile team. To master the adaptation to continuous change, testers should make it a habit to share as much information as possible about which tests have been performed and which application areas haven’t yet been tested. This helps the team understand how to apply required changes within the sprint without hurting the quality of the product.
Benefits of Agile Testing
Adopting Agile testing practices offers both teams and product owners many benefits.
- Higher-quality products: Agile testers and developers work concurrently from the beginning of the development process to catch problems as quickly as possible. Early testing allows testers to detect and eliminate bugs more quickly. Each product iteration goes through a thorough testing process where and developers and testers combine their skills to build the best-quality product. Thanks to the collaborative nature of Agile, the entire team also works with clients, using their input to develop higher-quality, user-friendly products.
- Faster delivery: Unlike traditional Waterfall testing, Agile development processes, testing processes, and eventual product releases aren’t separated by months. Agile compresses the entire development cycle and uses customer feedback throughout. This ensures a faster delivery of products that adapt to the current market and remain relevant to customers.
- Happier teams: Agile testing requires communicative and collaborative teams. Developers, testers, and clients work together to create the best possible product and generate the most value. All members interact closely, creating a more productive workplace and a happier team.
Conclusion
While traditional Waterfall development and testing methodologies offer teams benefits, they create too many opportunities for bugs, errors, and deviations from project requirements to cause lengthy holdups in the testing phase. Or, even worse, these issues could ultimately affect the end-user’s experience.
Following an Agile testing methodology allows teams to break down significant, overwhelming testing elements into smaller, more focused, continual tests to improve timelines and efficiency and enhance overall product quality. Additionally, employing these practices helps ensure the release of high-quality products through the early detection and resolution of errors and bugs.
This form of testing involves following a few essential practices to improve delivery value to the customer. These practices help teams adapt to change more easily, automate as many tests as possible, and provide continuous feedback. Faster and high-quality software releases rely on adopting a suitable Agile test methodology based on a project’s specific requirements. Some of the most popular options include test-driven development, behavior-driven development, pair programming, acceptance test-driven development, and continuous integration and development.
Part of Agile testing, however, is learning to go with the flow, so to speak, throughout a product’s development. Testers must learn how to overcome challenges ranging from fluctuating requests from clients and time constraints to a lack of detailed documentation and demanding developers. However, the advantages of implementing such a testing methodology drawbacks significantly. Agile testing helps teams build higher-quality products without sacrificing quality or creating extended timelines compared to other types of testing.
FAQ
What is the role of a tester in an Agile team?
In an Agile team, testers play a vital role by working closely with devs and product stakeholders to identify testing automation opportunities, define test automation frameworks applicable to the project, and determine possible impact areas and use cases. They also strive to integrate client feedback into the process regularly.
How often should testing be done in Agile?
Agile testing models make testing a continuous part of every development process step, starting in parallel with code writing.
How do you ensure quality in Agile testing?
Choosing the proper testing technique alongside using automation where possible helps testers ensure quality In Agile testing. Potential technique options include pair programming, test-driven development, behavior-driven development, acceptance test-driven development, and CI/CD.
What are some best practices for Agile testing?
Best practices for Agile testing include testing earlier and more frequently, automating tests, and providing continuous feedback, as well as enabling constant communication, practicing continuous improvement, and adapting to change.
